Problems of Environmental Health Problems
Environmental Health Targets
According to Article 22 paragraph (2) of Law 23/1992, the targets of implementing environmental health are as follows:
Public places: hotels, terminals, markets, shops, and similar businesses
Residential environment: residential, dormitory / similar
Work environment: offices, industrial estate / similar
Public transportation: land, sea and air vehicles used for public use
Other environments: for example those of a special nature such as environments that are in a state of emergency, catastrophic large-scale population movements, reactors / special places.
Problems of Environmental Health Problems
Problems Environmental health is a complex problem which requires an integration of various related sectors to overcome them. In Indonesia problems in environmental health include:
Clean water
Clean water is water that is used for daily needs whose quality meets health requirements and can be drunk if it has been cooked. Drinking water is water whose quality meets health requirements and can be drunk immediately.
The requirements for clean water quality are as follows:
Physical Requirements: Odorless, tasteless, and colorless
Chemical Requirements: Iron content: maximum allowable 0,3 mg / l, Hardness (max 500 mg / l)
Microbiological Requirements: Fecal coliform / total coliform (max 0 per 100 ml of water)
Dirt / Feces Disposal
A good method of removing stool is using a toilet with the following conditions:
Surface soil must not be contaminated
Contamination of groundwater that may not enter a spring or well may occur
Surface water must not be contaminated
Feces should not be reached by flies and other animals
No fresh stool handling should occur; or, if absolutely necessary, must be limited to a minimum
Latrines must be free from unsightly odors or conditions
The method of manufacture and operation must be simple and inexpensive.
Settlement Health
In general, a house can be said to be healthy if it meets the following criteria:
Meet physiological needs, namely: lighting, adequate air and space, avoiding disturbing noise
Meet psychological needs, namely: adequate privacy, healthy communication between family members and residents of the house
Meet the requirements for preventing transmission of disease between occupants of the house by providing clean water, management of feces and household waste, free of disease vectors and rodents, not excessive residential density, sufficient morning sunlight, protection of food and beverages from pollution, in addition to adequate lighting and handling.
Meet the accident prevention requirements both arising from outside and inside the house, including the requirements of road border lines, construction that is not easy to collapse, non-flammable, and does not tend to make the residents fall.
Waste disposal
Proper and proper waste management techniques must pay attention to factors / elements, as follows:
Waste collection. Factors influencing waste production are population and status, activity level, socio-economic life pattern, geographical location, climate, season, and technological progress.
Garbage Storage
Collection, processing and reuse
Transportation
Disposal
By knowing the elements of waste management, we can know the relationships and urgency of each of these elements so that we can solve these problems efficiently.
Insects and Nuisance Animals
Insects as reservoirs (habitat and suvival) germ of diseases which are then referred to as vectors for example: rat fleas for bubonic plague, Anopheles sp for Malaria, Aedes sp for Dengue Fever (DHF), Culex sp for Mosquito Foot Disease / Filariasis.
Prevention / prevention of these diseases include designing a house / place for food management with rat proff (rat meeting), Mosquito nets dipped in pesticides to prevent Anopheles sp. Mosquito bites, 3 M Movement (draining burying and closing) water reservoirs to prevent dengue disease , Use of gauze in vent at home or with pesticides to prevent elephantiasis and sanitation efforts.
Disruptive animals that can transmit diseases such as dogs can transmit rabies / crazy dogs. Cockroaches and flies can be intermediaries for transferring germs to food so as to cause diarrhea. Mice can cause leptospirosis from urine that has been excreted by infected bacteria.